Computers are made up of all kinds of various parts in order to make them function. All this hardware comes together in order to get the experience you are used to. The most important of these parts is the CPU or Central Processing Unit. The CPU is able to process, interpret and execute instructions from various hardware and software.
The next major component is a GPU or Graphics Processing Unit which is used in order to speed up graphical processing and many other processes. You often find high end GPUs used for gaming, video editing and machine learning.
RAM or Random Access Memory is the temporary storage on a computer that stores data that your computer needs so that it is quick to access. This data is only maintained while the computer is on and it is lost upon turning the computer off.
Hard Drive/Solid State Drive (HDD or SSD) provide the storage for your computer system. It retains data even while the device is off and is how we store software and games on our devices.
A power supply is the last major component providing power to the entire system and allowing all the components to work effectively. It is with all these components that a desktop or laptop is made and is able to enjoy the use of software. While creating a computer requires more then the parts mentioned, these components are what do the work on your computer.